Business Valuation in Divorce Proceedings

A comprehensive guide for family law attorneys navigating business asset division. Learn key valuation methodologies, common challenges, and strategies for protecting your client's interests.

This guide provides general information about business valuation in divorce proceedings. Specific requirements vary by jurisdiction. All valuation opinions prepared in accordance with professional standards and designed to meet FRE 702 admissibility requirements.
Jurisdictional Considerations

Critical Variations by State:

  • Valuation dates: Separation vs. filing vs. trial date
  • Standards of value: Fair market value, fair value, investment value
  • Personal goodwill: Excluded vs. included in marital assets
  • Active vs. passive appreciation: Different rules by jurisdiction

Recommendation:

Always consult local requirements and precedents. Our valuation experts understand jurisdictional differences and can adapt methodologies accordingly.

Key Considerations in Divorce Valuations

Valuation Date

The valuation date can significantly impact business value. Common dates include separation, filing, or trial date. Understanding valuation standards in each jurisdiction is critical.

Standard of Value

Standards of value vary by state statute and case law. While many jurisdictions require fair market value, others may use fair value, investment value, or intrinsic value. Consult local requirements and precedents.

Marital vs. Separate

Determining which portion of business value is marital property versus separate property requires careful analysis of contributions and timing.

Common Valuation Challenges

Key Person Dependency

When one spouse is essential to business operations, this creates valuation complexity:

  • • Personal goodwill vs. enterprise goodwill
  • • Marketability discounts may apply
  • • Future earnings capacity considerations
  • • Non-compete agreement implications

Important: The treatment of personal vs. enterprise goodwill varies significantly by state. Some states exclude personal goodwill from marital assets, while others include it.

Financial Statement Issues

Small business financial statements often require normalization:

  • Owner compensation adjustments
  • • Personal expenses through business
  • • Non-recurring items
  • • Related party transactions
  • Double-dipping considerations - critical issue in divorce valuations

Valuation Approaches in Divorce

Income Approach
Most commonly used for operating businesses with sustainable earnings

Discounted Cash Flow

Best for businesses with predictable cash flows and growth patterns.

Capitalization of Earnings

Suitable for mature businesses with stable earnings. Learn more about valuation methods.

Market Approach
Uses comparable company or transaction data

Guideline Public Company

Compares to publicly traded companies in similar industries.

Guideline Transaction

Uses actual sales of similar businesses.

Note: Lack of marketability and minority interest discounts may or may not apply in divorce contexts depending on jurisdiction.

Red Flags Requiring Valuation Updates

Business Changes
  • • Significant business changes post-separation
  • • Discovery of hidden assets or liabilities
  • • Material changes in market conditions
  • • New information affecting value
Documentation Issues
  • • Incomplete financial records
  • • Contradictory information
  • • Missing tax returns or filings
  • • Unusual transactions or patterns

Best Practices for Attorneys

Early Discovery Planning

Request financial records for 3-5 years, including tax returns, financial statements, and bank records.

Choose Qualified Appraisers

Select credentialed appraisers (ASA, ABV, CVA) with divorce valuation experience and knowledge of your state's specific requirements. Ensure your expert can articulate how their methodology meets FRE 702's reliability requirements and survive Daubert challenges.

Consider Settlement Implications

Evaluate liquidity constraints and tax consequences of different distribution scenarios. Work with qualified tax advisors to evaluate structuring options.

Understand Discounts

Minority interest and marketability discounts can significantly impact value in divorce. See our guide to valuation discounts.

Document Management Role

Clearly establish each spouse's role in business operations and decision-making.

Daubert-Ready Reports

Our reports are structured to withstand Daubert challenges and FRE 702 scrutiny. We provide clear methodology explanations, identify all assumptions, and demonstrate the reliable application of accepted valuation principles.

Meeting FRE 702 Standards

Our Commitment to FRE 702 Compliance
Our valuation opinions are designed to meet Federal Rule of Evidence 702 requirements:

Sufficient Facts and Data

  • • Comprehensive financial analysis based on verifiable documentation
  • • Multiple years of financial data reviewed
  • • Industry and economic data from recognized sources

Reliable Principles and Methods

  • • Adherence to USPAP and professional valuation standards
  • • Accepted valuation methodologies consistently applied
  • • Transparent documentation of all assumptions

Proper Application

  • • Methods matched to specific facts of each case
  • • Clear reconciliation of valuation approaches
  • • Detailed work papers supporting conclusions

Defensible Opinions

  • • Prepared to demonstrate reliability under Daubert challenges
  • • Clear explanation of methodology for court understanding
  • • Opinions supported by preponderance of evidence

Litigation Support Services

Base Valuation Services Include
  • • Comprehensive business analysis and valuation
  • • Written valuation report suitable for court submission
  • • One one-hour consultation call with counsel to discuss findings
  • • Electronic delivery of report and exhibits
Additional Litigation Support Services
Separately Billed
  • Deposition Testimony - Hourly rate plus preparation time
  • Trial Testimony - Half or full-day minimum plus preparation
  • Rebuttal Reports - Response to opposing expert opinions
  • Settlement Conferences - Attendance and support
  • Discovery Assistance - Document requests and interrogatory support
  • Strategy Consultations - Case planning and approach
  • Report Updates - Revisions based on new information
  • Travel Time - Portal to portal for out-of-area proceedings

Note: All litigation support services require advance retainer and are billed at specified hourly rates. Court appearance fees are due regardless of whether testimony occurs.

Need Expert Business Valuation for Divorce?

Work with a credentialed valuator who understands the unique challenges of divorce valuations. Get accurate, defensible opinions that protect your client's interests and meet FRE 702 standards.